Aristotle and Relationship at Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aristotle and Relationship at Work - Essay Example The strengths most appropriately human, at that point, are the scholarly strengths, and satisfaction comprises principally in movement as per those strengths - it is a type of scholarly action Aristotle considers joy to be one of the fundamental issues in life of individuals. In his works, satisfaction is alluded as eudaimonia. To state that bliss concerns the spirit or the artist is to state that human thriving requires the activity of sure of the resources by which life is characterized; specifically, an individual can't be said to prosper as a person except if he is practicing particularly human resources. Bliss is an action 'as per greatness (Kraut 83). To thrive is to do certain things phenomenally or well. A man who practices his resources however does so wastefully or gravely can't be supposed to make an achievement of his life. At that point what are the strengths as per which we should act in the event that we are to make an achievement of things Aristotle recognizes strengths of character and strengths of mind. The previous incorporate both what we consider as good ideals - fearlessness, liberality, honesty, etc, and furthermore such demeanors as a legitimate sen se of pride, a suitable level of pomposity, and mind; the last incorporate such things as information, decision making ability, 'down to earth intelligence'. Likewise, Aristotle invests some energy in talking about the semi greatness of fellowship (Chang 64). As indicated by Pangle: For the quest for this most noteworthy great must start correctly by scrutinizing the decency of what is one's own, the integrity of the prevailing devotions of those among whom one is conceived, and the probability that straightforward cooperation with related spirits can ever be the center of joy, as bewitchingly attractive as it might appear (35). In this manner any decision or ownership of the characteristic merchandise, products of the body, riches, companions, or whatever other great, which will best deliver consideration by the god [that is to state, by our keenness, the god inside us], is ideal and is the best norm; and any which, either in view of lack or on account of abundance, keeps us from developing the god and from mulling over, is terrible.' To thrive, to make an achievement of life, requires commitment in scholarly interests. Aristotle imagined that such interests were gigantically agreeable, and that the scholarly life offered an unrivaled bliss Chang 64). Fellowship is seen by Aristotle as an ideal objectives of human relations, however he acknowledges kinship between approaches as it were. Aristotle records some characterizing attributes of kinship. A companion wishes and does what is useful for

Reusability of Code Essay Example for Free

Reusability of Code Essay Reusability of codes broadly useful is to diminish pointless coding which at long last lessens venture improvement time and assets. It is basically taking code from one piece of a program and endeavoring to utilize it somewhere else without adjusting excessively. This technique is like reusing programming systems in object-arranged programming. Article situated programming and procedural writing computer programs are two programming ideal models that convey regular qualities just as different contrasts. A method is an extra name for a directing, strategy or capacity. Methodology and articles both use calculations to build up the framework and any sensible count that is important for the program. A capacity is partitioned from factors and information organizations. Methodology are expected to run the code in an exact request, while OPP combines information with the capacity in the capacity changes the information that is bound to it into a unit recognized as an item. Other helpful highlights, for example, reflection, epitome, and legacy can be accomplished while working with OPP. Procedural Programming The most punctual programming dialects were procedural, which means a program was made of at least one techniques. A strategy is basically a module or capacity that plays out a particular errand, for example, gathering contribution from the client, performing computations, perusing or composing records, showing yield, etc. The projects that you have composed so far have been procedural in nature. The means a program must perform to arrive at the ideal result. Technique is a free substance and an arrangement of guidelines that are assembled. In procedural programming, an undertaking is separated into variety of factors and subroutines. In OPP, an assignment is separated into objects which sum up the information and execution. In a procedural methodology, the altogether called variable is named as a characteristic of the article. The thought is to typify information and a procedure into what is alluded to as a class. A class is a model; a class can be utilized to make a few articles. This permits code be reusable in OPP. Article Oriented Programming Item situated programming (OOP) is focused on making objects. An article is a product element that contains the two information and methods. The information contained in an article is known as the object’s fields. An object’s fields are essentially factors, clusters, or other information structures that are put away in the item. OPPs bunch the information techniques together so each can work on its own information while strategies are utilized to legitimately perform procedure on information structures. OPP gives exemplification making class whose articles can be made powerfully. OPPs have been seen to give lower quality execution when contrasted with procedural programming. Notwithstanding taking care of the issues of code-information detachment, the utilization of OOP has likewise been empowered by the pattern of article reusability. An item isn't an independent program, however is utilized by programs that need its administration. (Gaddis, 2010) References Gaddis, T. (2010). Beginning with programming rationale and structure. (2 ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.

Quotes About Emotional Intelligence

Quotes About Emotional Intelligence History and Biographies Print Quotes About Emotional Intelligence By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 18, 2018 Westend61 / Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming What do researchers and psychologists have to say about emotional intelligence? Psychologists have proposed a variety of definitions, discussed the potential benefits, and offered critical analysis of differing theoretical models. The following quotes are just a sampling of what has been written on the topic of emotional intelligence. If youre curious as to your Emotional Intelligence quotient or EQ, this quiz will tell you. Defining Emotional Intelligence David Caruso: “It is very important to understand that emotional intelligence is not the opposite of intelligence, it is not the triumph of heart over headâ€"it is the unique intersection of both.” From (“Emotional What?”) Freedman et al.: Emotional Intelligence is a way of recognizing, understanding, and choosing how we think, feel, and act. It shapes our interactions with others and our understanding of ourselves. It defines how and what we learn; it allows us to set priorities; it determines the majority of our daily actions. Research suggests it is responsible for as much as 80% of the success in our lives. From Handle With Care: Emotional Intelligence Activity Book Salovey Mayer: “We define emotional intelligence as the subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide ones thinking and actions.” From “Emotional Intelligence,” 1990 Mayer Cobb: “The ability to process emotional information, particularly as it involves the perception, assimilation, understanding, and management of emotion. From Educational policy on emotional intelligence: Does it make sense?, 2000 The Importance of Emotional Intelligence John Gottman: In the last decade or so, science has discovered a tremendous amount about the role emotions play in our lives. Researchers have found that even more than IQ, your emotional awareness and abilities to handle feelings will determine your success and happiness in all walks of life, including family relationships. From Raising an Emotionally Intelligent Child McCown et al: Experiencing ones self in a conscious mannerâ€"that is, gaining self-knowledgeâ€"is an integral part of learning. From Self-Science: The Emotional Intelligence Curriculum Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, and Palfai: People in good moods are better at inductive reasoning and creative problem solving. From Emotion, Disclosure, and Health, 1995 John D. Mayer: An emotion occurs when there are certain biological, certain experiential, and certain cognitive states which all occur simultaneously. From EQ Today, Spring 1999 Mayer Salovey: People high in emotional intelligence are expected to progress more quickly through the abilities designated and to master more of them. From “What is Emotional Intelligence” in Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications, by Peter Salovey and David Sluyter. 1997 Criticisms of Emotional Intelligence Research Hans Eysenck on Goleman’s work: [he] exemplifies more clearly than most the fundamental absurdity of the tendency to class almost any type of behaviour as an intelligence…If these five abilities define emotional intelligence, we would expect some evidence that they are highly correlated; Goleman admits that they might be quite uncorrelated, and in any case if we cannot measure them, how do we know they are related? So the whole theory is built on quicksand; there is no sound scientific basis. From Intelligence: A New Look, 2000 The Future of Emotional Intelligence Peter Salovey: “I think in the coming decade we will see well-conducted research demonstrating that emotional skills and competencies predict positive outcomes at home with one’s family, in school, and at work. The real challenge is to show that emotional intelligence matters over-and-above psychological constructs that have been measured for decades like personality and IQ. I believe that emotional intelligence holds this promise. From “Emotional What?” EQ Today

Impact of the Usa Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement

Impact of the USA Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement Teddilane Turner PSF8200 Advanced Research in Public Safety Issues, Theory, and Concepts This paper presents the topic selected for the final Public Safety Case Analysis Project, an overview of the USA Patriot Act, its impact on local law enforcement, and the potential for net widening. Congress reacted to the violation to our country on September 11, 2001 by passing the USA Patriot Act into law on October 26, 2001. (USA Patriot Act, 2001). Since its enactment, the USA Patriot Act has both validated and victimized the American public in the name of securing our Nations freedom. Developed â€Å"to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world,†¦show more content†¦The Patriot Act, by weakening the exclusionary rule, should therefore increase According to the economic theory of crime and punishment (Becker, 1968, Ehrlich, 1973, 1996), rational individuals commit a crime only if their expected benefit from committing the crime is greater than their expected cost. Their expected cost of committing a crime is the probability of being caught multiplied by the punishment that they would face if they were caught. a rational individual’s expectation of punishment for committing a crime, and hence should reduce crime. (Mialon, H. amp; and Rubin, P., 2006). Another economic impact of the Patriot Act involves its impact on employers. â€Å"Because the Patriot Act extends the federal governments monitoring abilities into the workplace, some businesses and employers have been confronted with the need to adjust their policies and practices in such a way that employees rights and benefits are protected while still remaining within the scope of the new law† (Etzioni, 2004). Law enforcement utilizes the Patriot Act through enhance surveillance techniques and search warrant opportunities all of which are approved by the court system but not exactly â€Å"monitored.† Judges and magistrates within the court system deny bond, incarcerate, and hold hearings concerning liberties and collateral violations in the name of fighting terrorism. An excellent example ofShow MoreRelatedThe USA Patriot Act Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesUSA Patriot Act After the devastating attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, this country scrambled to take action to provide future protection. New techniques had to be developed to protect the nation from the menace of terrorism. Along with the new techniques came the decision to enact laws that some believed crossed the threshold of violating civil liberties this county and those living in it were guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States. â€Å"On October 26, 2001, theRead MoreImpact of the Usa Patriot Act2309 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The primary concern of this paper is to establish the impact of the USA Patriot Act on local law enforcement and its potential for net widening. This paper will cover three primary areas to provide a proper public safety case analysis. First the paper will describe the public safety agency and its roles in relation to the USA PATRIOT ACT. Then the paper will provide a detail explanation of the leadership, management, and administration roles of the public safety agency chosen. Finally thisRead MoreImpact of Terrorism on Law Enforcement1566 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Terrorism in Law Enforcement The devastating events of 9/11 provided a forewarning to our country concerning the dangers of terrorism. However, it has created a particularly greater impact on the duties and standards expected of law enforcement agencies on all levels (local, state, and national). Law enforcement has begun implementing new tactics in an effort to prevent future terrorist attacks from threatening our national security. One aspect of policing in which terrorism has broughtRead MoreBiology1015 Words   |  5 Pagesfunctions. The acts of September 11, know as 9\11 made the government look at things differently. When the two hijacked planes crashed into the twin towers located in the middle of New York City the government woke up from its sleep that day. The security in the U.S. did a complete turnaround and the USA Patriot Act was born. U.S. Government after 9\11 Since the attack on American soil the government issued the USA Patriot Act. This was created to deter and punish terrorist acts in and around theRead MoreOrganizational Management and Operations Paper1690 Words   |  7 Pagescompare, and contrast the policing function at the local, state, and federal organizational levels of the criminal justice system. An analysis of the organizational, management, administration, and operational functions at these three organizational levels will be assessed for similarity of leadership and differences. * According to Police Crunch (2012), To be an effective police/law enforcement officer, one must understand where we (law enforcement) has been, where society believes we are andRead MoreQuestions On Local Law Enforcement1609 Words   |  7 Pages Local Law Enforcement Response to Terrorism William Lynch Saint Leo University â€Æ' â€Æ' Abstract The threat of terrorism is constantly growing and evolving. As such, our response to acts of terrorism must evolve with it. With the increased security posture at many of our larger cities with industries, municipal buildings, and other large venues that would be desirable terrorist targets, it is possible that extremists will turn to targeting smaller, less prepared targets such as state and local facilitiesRead MoreCapabilities And Limitations Of The Ic Hls System Of Theu.s.1735 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopments such as the vaccine for smallpox and polio, the improvement of air quality, and liberation of oppressed people under the guise of brutal authoritarians, humanity has been unable to make substantial progress in preventing wars and extreme acts of violence. The United States was reminded of this through the attacks on 9/11. These attacks were a reminder that even though this country has been leading the way in medicine, technology, and the global economy, there are those wh o want nothingRead MoreThe Impact of September 11, 2001 Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesPentagon in Arlington, VA. and the fourth plane crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Those passengers on the fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, attempted to win control over the plane; however, there were no survivors. To understand the impact of September 11, (9/11 by the numbers) New York Magazine published a statistical report about the causalities. According to the report approximately, 343 firefighters, 23 New York Police Officers and 2,016 World Trade Center employees died. FurthermoreRead MoreRole Of The Thief Takers During Early Civilizations913 Words   |  4 Pagesqualified members of the military to form the Praetorian Guard which could be considered the first police officers. Their job was to protect the palace and the emperor. Vigiles were known as early roman firefighters and were eventually also given law enforcement responsibilities. 2. Seventeenth-Century- English policing systems used a form of individual, private police called thief-takers. These private citizens had no official status and were paid by the king for every criminal arrest they made. TheyRead MoreEssay on Digital Crime and Digital Terrorism1853 Words   |  8 Pagesof law enforcement that involve offenses committed by way of, and aid of computers and other technology advanced devices that includes but is not limited to: identify theft, fraud, computer hackers, inside and outside espionage, white collar crimes, and virus and malicious code writers; in conjunction with digital terrorism in terms of concepts of information warfare and cyber terrorism. All of these crimes are of heightened relevance that requires the immediate assistance of law enforcement personnel

Measuring a Hotels Quality of Customer Service Essay

Measuring a Hotels Quality of Customer Service It is quite difficult to measure the quality of a service, because the satisfaction of the customer depends on many intangible factors and psychological features. The principal methods to evaluate services are: SERVQUAL, Gap Analysis, Tolerance zone and Walking Audits. We are going to explain this methods and study if we could apply them to the hotel.  § SERVQUAL It is a multiple-item scale named SERVQUAL, which measures the five dimensions of service quality.9 The dimensions are: - Reliability. - Responsiveness. - Assurance. - Empathy. - Tangibles. This method consists of two sections, the initial†¦show more content†¦The information is collected through a questionnaire which the company sends or facilitates to their customers, so they can receive the expected feedback. GAP 1 appears when the Management doesn’t understand how their customers formulate their expectations, based on a number of sources: experiences with the company and its competitors, personal needs, advertising and the communication with friends. GAP 2 result when the Manager isn’t able to fix target levels of the service quality of the company. GAP 3 is known as the service performance gap, due to that the delivery of the service is not the expected by the Management. GAP 4 is the discrepancy between service delivery and external communications in the form of exaggerated promises and lack of information provided to contact personnel.11 This is the most adequate method for the Lewis Partnership, because we receive concrete information about the service offered from the own customers.  § Tolerance Zone This method is to study if the customer has received a service which satisfied his expectations. So if the service covers his expectations he will be satisfied and if the service exceedsShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of a Hotel Quality of Service and Image and its Effect on Tourism Customer Loyalty1569 Words   |  7 Pageschanges in lifestyle, the services offered by hospitality businesses are now considered to be necessities. Consequently, during the past decade, there has been an exponential growth in hospitality businesses to meet the demands of the growing market. Today, hospitality organizations are faced with intense competition. Hence, in the scheme of business, it has become apparent that the ultimate goal of any organization in a hyper- competitive market, is to maintain a loyal customer base. It is essentialRead MoreReport On Service Quality Of Remington Hotel1678 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Report on Service Quality of Remington Hotel Introduction The concept of quality holds a central place in the hotel industry where servicing is the main part of the business. Lewis and Booms (1983) commented that service quality is â€Å"a measure of how well the service match with the customer expectations† on a consistent basis. Parasuraman et al (1985, p. 42) stated, â€Å"Quality is an elusive and indistinct construct† Quality is comparison between expectation and performance. Parasuraman et al (1988)Read MoreSwot Analysis Of Ansoff s Matrix For Mercure Hotel Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ansoff Product-Growth Matrix as a marketing tool is used to analyses alternative corporate growth strategies, concentrating on the hotel’s present and possible products and markets. It evaluates ways to grow by exploring the existing products as well as new products. In existing markets and new markets, there exist four likely product-market combinations (Cohen 2013). Ansoff s matrix for Mercure Hotel offers four different growth strategies: Market Penetration - the hotel pursue to attain growthRead MoreCultural Values of Service Providers: Hotel Escargot Case Study2383 Words   |  9 Pagesslow service at Hotel Escargot and cultural values of service providers in the context of Escargot as a tourist destination and Lodge. The impact of cultural values on perceptions of service quality is evaluated with a focus on the attributes and performance of service providers. The Work Measurement Analysis method is used to identify and group the distinctive customer service values of the hosts with a view to providing an enhanced understanding of tourist-host perceptions of service quality in aRead MoreMaslow s Model Of Measuring Service Quality957 Words   |  4 Pagesand carefully observed†. Leedy 1989, defined research methodology as â€Å"a system in which the collected information is analyzed for more understanding†. As we have discussed earlier that SERVQUAL model of measuring service quality is based on the five dimensions of service quality and this is based on a survey. 3.2 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY According to Saunders et al, 2007) there are three ways of tackling research philosophy, they are: epistemology, axiology and ontology. AccordingRead MoreEssay on Mandarin Oriental Hotel Case Study2180 Words   |  9 PagesOriental, San Francisco and the Phuket Yacht Club Hotel and Beach Resort, Thailand. Mandarin Oriental’s overall corporate quality goal is to achieve a level of excellence that sets the group apart from all of its competitors in the eyes of customers, investors and staff. In order to achieve this level of excellence it strives for total customer satisfaction in its service delivery, and to consistently be a leader in the industry in terms of profitability and the creation of a rewarding workingRead MoreCustomer Participation on Service Quality.6883 Words   |  28 PagesCUSTOMER SATISFACTION MEASUREMENT IN HOTEL INDUSTRY: CONTENT ANALYSIS STUDY Ivanka Avelini Holjevac University of Rijeka Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management Opatija Opatija, Croatia e-mail: Ivanka.Avelini.Holjevac@fthm.hr Suzana Marković University of Rijeka Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management Opatija Opatija, Croatia e-mail: Suzana.Markovic@fthm.hr and Sanja Raspor University of Rijeka Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management Opatija Opatija, Croatia e-mail: sraspor@veleriRead MoreCustomer Satisfaction And Service Quality Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesQUESTION AND AIMS 2.1 RESEARCH QUESTION Customer satisfaction and service quality are the two important components that direct anyone’s attention in every concept related to marketing, services, etc. (Spreng and Mackoy, 2006). In today’s competitive era, the success lies in delivering quality services related to the industry which further leads to rise in the level of satisfaction (Shemwell, Yavas and Bilgin, 2012). Therefore, service quality and customer satisfaction are the most important topicRead MoreStrategic Marketing Plan for a Hotel16235 Words   |  65 Pagesand staff members. The results of the research formed the strategic marketing plan outlining the action plans on how Hotel X should proceed with its marketing. Keywords Marketing, hospitality industry, marketing plan, accommodation services providers, customer satisfaction 3 VAASAN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Degree Programme of Hospitality Management TIIVISTELMÄ Tekijà ¤ Opinnà ¤ytetyà ¶n nimi Vuosi Kieli Sivumà ¤Ãƒ ¤rà ¤ Ohjaaja Maarit Karppinen Strategic Marketing Plan For a Hotel 2011 englanti 59 +Read MoreCase study:The Portman Hotel2295 Words   |  10 PagesFrom the description of the case study, it seems that the reason lead the Portman Hotel to this terrible situation was that their HR policies were inconsistent with its strategies. The Portman Hotels philosophy is that if they want their customers treated better, they must treat each other better. They also think the Portman Hotel is a place where they can make their employees feel satisfied with their jobs. Their jobs will be fun and they will fulfill their expectations. The employees will have

The Myth of Sisyphus Free Essays

Blanca Seynos The Myth of Sisyphus In the essay of â€Å"The Myth of Sisyphus† Albert Camus suggests that there is a possibility that there is no real meaning to life and that as humans, it is a pointless gesture to go looking for this religious or universal meaning. Camus uses Sisyphus as his prime example of this. Sisyphus, a punished human for â€Å"certain levity in regard to the gods† has to do a pointless task of pushing a rock up a hill repeatedly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Myth of Sisyphus or any similar topic only for you Order Now This punishment itself reflects the ideas of the absurd. Camus believes that death is at the end of every person’s life but people still go on looking for this purpose but it is pointless because the people all end up the same, dead, but the pursuit of the purpose can possibly hold meaning. Sisyphus along his endless task finds sadness and joy. According to Camus there’s no sun without shadow which is that there is no joy without pain. Camus proposes that Sisyphus is happy when he acknowledges his consequences, the pain of what his life has come down to and accepts his fate. Individuals often try to comprehend and answer the question â€Å"What is our purpose in life? † and fail to speak out because they are constantly puzzled about what their purpose is in life, and so is Sisyphus. Sisyphus is constantly trying to find hope or meaning in his task, but he cannot find a meaning for his existence. The fate of Sisyphus’ is settled for eternity and until Sisyphus pushes the rock forward and up the hill, his purpose for that is just to roll the rock. Sisyphus small amount of hope keeps him content that he is able to have a solid purpose that he can see and feel the rock even though in the end of the task it is meaningless as the rock will drop back down the hill. I disagree with Camus’ view that there is no real meaning to life because, as a young Christian at an Evangelistic Church, to know God and enjoy him forever is the meaning of life. The reason this is the meaning of life is because God created us that way. God created a beautiful world and put humanity in it to live and prosper, but overall to have a relationship ith him. This was the purpose of our creation. We are most happy, fulfilled and complete when we are worshiping and being in a relationship with our Lord. By ignoring God and not having that relationship with him is a sin. Having that sin in your live is what makes your live less than what they could be. People live outside in the cold when God wants them to come into his house and live with him. It is the n when we turn back to God and stop ignoring him what he will find true happiness and fulfillment. Our role in this world is to seek out and encourage one another in love and walking in faith. This modern world is so focused on individualism that being part of and serving in a community loses its path leading people to feel alone. Our lives today are to live in a way that we serve God and the people he has put in our community. Camus believed that life was pointless because no matter what accomplishments you achieved you would die and that will be the end of them, but it’s not like that. God holds us responsible for our failure. Jesus teaches about a time in the future when we will all have to come before God in judgment and face the consequences for the way we have lived. If you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you’ll be saved and that will be your purpose for living. Camus’ introduced the option that life is meaningless by interpreting the idea of absurdity and how giving meaning to life in ways such as religiously, is inevitably pointless because in the end death is terminal. Camus’ suggests that happiness arises from absurdity when one learns and accepts death. Sisyphus is a happy man because he was able to come to terms with his punishment although it had to be eternal. Unlike, Camus’ idea being able to believe that the more you grow in your understanding of what God has done in your live, the more you will want others to know about it, and how God can change their lives for the better. As you relate to God, and live according to his direction, others will notice a difference in you. God has given us the great opportunity of sharing his love with others. How to cite The Myth of Sisyphus, Essay examples

The Arab Spring The contemporary Era

Introduction The Arab spring is a wave of revolutionary protests and demonstrations that have been taking place in the Arab world since December 18th 2010.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Arab Spring: The contemporary Era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The revolution has claimed entire regimes in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, as well as major protests in Bahrain, Yemen, Algeria, Jordan, Iraq, Oman, Morocco and Syria. There have been minor protests that were quelled by the governments of Lebanon, Sudan, Mauritania, Kuwait, Western Sahara and Saudi Arabia, by yielding to some of the demands of protestors. The Arab spring also inspired clashes in May 2011 at the borders of Israel. The sustenance of the revolution has been credited to the sharing of civil resistance techniques by the protestors in the different Arab countries, where there were rallies, marches, demonstrations as well as strikes that were mainl y organized and communicated through social media (Sakbani, 2011). The awareness of the people due to the flow of information was always repulsed by the respective governments’ internet censorship and even total disconnection as was the case in Syria from 2008 to 2011 February. Where this has failed there has often been violent repression of the protests by government security forces, often with a considerable amount of casualties as well as counter demonstrations by the respective government supporters. This paper seeks to explore the political situations, in regard to the internal policies established by the leaders of the Arab countries and specifically in Syria and Egypt that led to the Arab spring. The Arab Spring To understand the root cause and the process of the Arab spring, we have to first explore the conditions that triggered its inception. The Arab uprising was sparked by the self-immolation of a Tunisian by the name of Mohamed Bouaziz on December 18th 2010. He wa s protesting the unlawful arrest, corruption and ill treatment by the police amid the hard economic situation in the country. The protests that followed thereafter were greatly successful, with the ousting of the then president of Tunisia, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and this inspired similar protest in other Arab countries. The Egyptian president, Hosni Mubarak, resigned after there were 18 days of massive protests amid crackdowns by government security forces on the 11th of February 2011.Advertising Looking for term paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other leaders, however, moved to quell the anger of the protestors by announcing that they would not context in the next elections, such as the Sudanese president Omar Al-Bashir and the Iraqi President Nouri Al-Maliki. King Abdullah of Jordan went ahead to sack two successive governments as the protests still continued. Ali Abdullah Saleh, the president of Yemen, a nnounced that he would resign in 30 days back on 23rd of April in a bid to quell massive protests that had rocked the country, but he later changed his mind and retracted the statement which has led to continued protests. The Arab Spring in Egypt The revolution in Egypt was mainly inspired by its success in Tunisia and it started on the 25th of January. The then to be presidential candidate, Mohamed ElBaradei had already warned government officials that there was going to be a revolutionary wave of protests similar to those in Tunisia, if the pleas of the people were not addressed. It was, however, too late before the government of Egypt could take any action to salvage the situation as on 28th January at midnight, their attempts to stop the organization of the protests by blocking all internet access in the country did not work. Though the social media was successfully crippled, the organizers still found new ways to encourage people to join them and the internet blockade was one o f the reasons they cited as a motivation to increase their protests. In a bid to salvage the situation, President Mubarak appointed a new cabinet as well as a vice-president, who was the first in almost three decades. Mubarak later gave the vice-president, Omar Suleiman the power to rule Egypt on 10th February, though this was followed by an official statement that he would still hold on to the presidency until the end of his presidential term. This move was not taken well by the protestors as the demonstrations still intensified. The vice president later announced that Mubarak had resigned on the next day and he went ahead to transfer power to the Egyptian armed forces. This inspired a wave of celebrations across the country with the biggest being at Tahrir square.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Arab Spring: The contemporary Era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The military then noticed that they were also facing resistance and went ahead to lift emergency laws that had been in place for thirty years. The army then dissolved parliament and suspended the constitution, then promised to organize free and fair elections in the next six months. The armed forces went ahead to appoint a civilian by the name of Essam Sharaf, as the Egyptian prime minister on 4th March. This was greatly approved by the protestor and the protests reduced, though there were other small protests that continued in July with the complaints that the Essam Sharaf administration together with the armed forces supreme council was slow in establishing reforms in the institutions of governance, than expected. The Arab Spring in Syria The Syrian uprising started with a case of self-immolation that sparked protests all over the capital city on the 26th of January. The protestors’ main grievances were political reforms and the observance of their civil rights by the government (Sakbani, 2011). They also complai ned that the county had been in a state of emergency for the last 48 years since 1963. The attempts by the protestors to organize a major demonstration dubbed ‘the day of fury’ was, however, not successful, but on the 6th of March, the arrest and torture of 15 children who were accused of having written some slogans that were against the regime, sparked even more protests. Thousands of protestors who were against the Baathist regime that had ruled Syria since 1963, gathered in the cities of Deir Ez-Zor, Hama, Daraa, Al-Hasakah, Aleppo, and Damascus, with Daraa being the first to protest on the 15th of March after the release of Suhair Atassi, a politician who became the unofficial spokesperson for the protestors in the revolution. This was followed by reports that the government had arrested over 3,000 Syrians and there had been a lot of casualties as the government security forces shot at protestors. The climax of the protest was on 18th April when almost 100,000 prote stors sat at the Square of Horns to demand for the resignation of President Bashar Al Assad. The protests continued throughout the next three months with the government conducting harsh security crackdowns and military operations in the country, with the most violent incident occurring on the 31st of July when army tanks stormed cities and killed over 136 people. Political Conditions That Triggered the Arab Spring in Egypt and Syria The revolution was observed to have been motivated by two main issues: the economic hardships of the citizens of these countries; and the harsh laws that were in place that discouraged democracy. The triggering incident that occurred in Tunisia involved a man whose market stall had been confiscated and his complaints were that besides acquiring an education, selling vegetables was his only option to make a living.Advertising Looking for term paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analysts have specifically pointed out that in Syria and Egypt, the prolonged economic stagnation, violation of human rights, as well as rampant corruption by government officials have led to the common citizens’ suffering, and hence the need for political change. There has been decades of under-development and even in some cases there is evidence of de-development as the established economic policies have failed, and institutions of governance broken or abused (Partridge, 2011). The overall economic growth in the Arab world has been negative since 1971 and specifically the per-capita income of citizens of gulf countries like Syria has been reducing by almost 2.8 percent every year (Gershoni, Jankowski, 2010). The rampant corruption in Syria and Egypt has meant that those who are already rich or are in positions of power enjoy better quality of life while the poor suffer even more. This has led to a wide economic gap between the rich and powerful in these countries, and the poor. However, what took the rest of the world by surprise is the flow of information on the economic conditions of these countries, as previously their dictatorial governments had ensured that they filtered any information on these countries and had declined to participate in any surveys (Tejel, 2009). The inequality and the corruption in these countries is influenced by the fact that most of the economic centers are owned and managed by government institutions, hence, discouraging private entrepreneurship. In Egypt for instance, the government has ceded most of the economic control of the country to the military. This has ensured that the military owns most corporations where they employ retired military leaders and/or their immediate family and friends. It is also observed that state companies consume almost all the financial credit available in Egypt, hence, forcing other family owned small and medium businesses to have to rely on un-informal means of funding which are often exp ensive and exploitative. This has diminished the business community and those who are in business have to sell their products at high prices which have contributed to high cost of living amid reducing incomes (Odugbemi Lee, 2011). The failure of economic policies in Syria and Egypt has contributed to high rates of unemployment as well as under-employment, which are more common for the young who have been the back bone of the uprisings. The rampant corruption, regional conflict and dictatorial leadership has contributed greatly to companies’ thinking of only the short-term, as there is too much uncertainty in the region (Partridge, 2011). The same uncertainty has discouraged domestic investments and the revenues generated due to the rising commodity prices end up being transferred abroad. It has been identified that in Syria, local banks have had low capacities to the point of collapse. The Arab spring was created in such a way that it suggests a new awakening among the citiz ens of Syria and Egypt, which would bring with it a new political and socio-economic order. This has suggested that the Arab world will never be the same again, and the autocratic and dictatorial governments that are still existent in the region, may only have a few years if not months before they come to an end if they don’t establish political, educational and socio-economic reforms. Perhaps the most outstanding difference between the Arab spring and other uprisings, is the fact that the people are fueled by their need for dignified lives rather than the need for political superiority, as has been the case in sub-Saharan Africa and the Balkan states in the past (Ben-Meir, 2011). The passion of these people will probably not let any politically radical group to take power without receiving resistance from them. Previously, there was a belief that the people in Syria and Egypt could not organize themselves and speak with one voice, as the regimes had discouraged any form of o rganization. However, this was not to be as the Syrians and Egyptians organized amid speculation with their governments believing that the voice of the people was too fractured, too radical, too politically immature and insignificant to make any impact or even to be taken seriously. There was also the belief among the political class that the Arab authoritarian rule was going to continue for many decades to come as there was succession of governments among powerful families in most Arab countries, where the sons of the rulers inherited power from their fathers upon them leaving office, as was the case in Syria (Partridge, 2011). The greatest weakness of these assumptions, as is evidenced in Syria, is that they did not put into consideration the greatly educated, informed and politically assertive youth of the country. They still thought that the loyalty of the old generation to these regimes was to be transferred to the younger generation, and they always tried to promote this throu gh their authoritarian rule that has been able to squash resistance fro the citizens for along time. This younger generation is greatly aware of their rights, and has a high appeal for democracy which was earlier profiled as an evil western propaganda that is against their Muslim religion (Press-Barnathan, 2009). As far as the politics of Syria is concerned, the administration of President Assad has squashed the opposition since he came to power as it was the policy before during his father’s rule. This has seen anyone who exhibited political ideas that contradicted his party’s banned from travelling outside the country, arrested and even tortured to death by the police. There have been reports of secret police units that have been used to quell any opposition through inhumane ways. The human rights watch groups in the Middle East have ranked Syria as number one in violations of human rights and this is said to be the greatest down fall of Assad’s legislation wh ich has fueled the revolution in Syria. Political Effects of the Arab Spring The revolution has transformed the geo-politics of the region as it has been observed that the traditional understanding of the political environment of the region has been thrown out of balance. It was previously believed that the politics of the region was defined by the difference in ideologies between those who were pro-western and those who were anti-western, or those who are Sunnis and those who were Shi’a, as well as the belief that it was based on the differences between the Arabs and the Jews, in the case of Israel and its neighbors. It was, however, observed that the great inequalities or disparities in the qualities of life, between the authoritarian regimes and the citizens they ruled were the greatest motivations of the revolution (Gershoni, Jankowski, 2010). The ultimate political result of the revolution has been the great spotlight cast on authoritarian or dictatorial regimes, as the y feel the pressure to restructure their legislative policies or face resistance from their citizens. Some like the Kuwaiti administration have, however, been able to quell the anger of their citizens by introducing subsidies and cash handouts. Others, as is the case in Syria, have had to give fake promises of economic and political reforms (Lunnon, 2011). The young people, who were mostly idealists, utilized the loopholes that had been left by the governments’ belief that they could not organize and therefore were at ease. Their skillful utilization of social media was particularly impressive as it surprised many with its success. There was also the use of nonviolent means to organize protests that took the governments by surprise as they did not know what to do with them since they had always figured out that due to their foolproof control of their territories and strong security agencies, any threat would probably have to be excessively violent. Lastly, the quick and effec tive success of the revolution in Tunisia and Egypt worked to fuel the revolution even further as other countries realized that it is easy and possible to remove even the harshest dictators from power. This has been the short-term change that has brought hope to the people of the Arab countries that there can be an end to authoritarian rule and they can enjoy both economic growth and their freedom. It has also served to warn other dictators like Bashar al-Assad of Syria, or would be dictators in other countries, that their end was near (Ben-Meir, 2011). It has now dawned on many that, autocracies and monarchies in the Arab countries have an uncertain future as the young Arabs have disapproved any cultural obligations to these autocracies. These young people are proponents of regional sovereignty that takes a pan-Arab approach that may not be viable for any western nation that sees this as an opportunity to assert their influence on the regime that comes after. The west has to basica lly take a back seat and watch as the Egyptian and the Syrians try to establish their own forms of government that they think suits their political ideologies as well as their religious and cultural background. In as much as the army may be the final political arbiter in Egypt as has been the case since 1952, there is now a chance for liberals, Islamists, repackaged elements of the previous regime and leftists of various backgrounds, to gain control of, and even influence, the country’s parliament and the government, which was not the case under the ousted Mubarak government. The success of the emerging institutions such as the Egyptian Federation of Independent Trade Unions may be evidence of this phenomenon, as they may set limitations to the young neo-liberal economic reform project (Odugbemi Lee, 2011). The other group, besides the army that is probably going to lose much of the influence it enjoys in these nations, is the US government as their regional political clout diminishes with the ouster of the authoritarian governments that they were previously able to influence. The US campaign on the Palestinian-Israel conflict will now enjoy less support or even resistance from the new governments that want nothing to do with the fetishes of the previous regimes, and will probably stay neutral (Shemesh, 2008). This is evidenced by the fact that the US is currently feeling the treat of a growing Iranian regional influence, as the foreign policies of Egypt are now reflecting previously unseen popular sentiments. Economic Effects of the Arab Spring In the long-term, the Arab world hangs in uncertainty as everyone is skeptical of the stability of the new systems of governance that will be put up to replace the fallen ones. This is behind the further uncertainty of whether the desired democratic system of governance will even be established in the near future as it has been previously evidenced in other countries like Somalia, that the ouster of a governmen t by the people may not necessarily be advantageous, as there might be an eruption of violence as different groups seek to assume leadership of the country. This spring may sadly take too long to yield any fruits in some of these countries as traditional liberals, Islamic extremists, high ranking military personnel that still want to cling to power, ethnic groups, business elites and other religiously affiliated groups, compete against each other on the basis of their different ideologies that they all want to be adopted (Lunnon, 2011). The revival of the respective economies may take a while, and it’s dependent on the success of the transitional period and the success of the next administration amid all the international scrutiny especially by the west. The economic consequences of the Arab revolution have affected the entire world and have been especially brutal, to struggling economies of South East Asia and Africa as the prices of oil have shot up. This has brought with i t an unprecedented increase in the prices of basic commodities especially food stuffs. There is, however, hope that with the successes of most of the protests, the oil market in the world will stabilize soon. This is not to say that there is no future threat to the oil market in the horizon since there is still an uncertainty as to how the new regimes will react in relation to the policies and the policy making process of OPEC, which is a body that most of them belong to. Reference Ben-Meir, A. (2011). Above The Fray: Arab Spring, Revival Of The Islamic state. The Jerusalem Post. Web. Gershoni, I., and Jankowski,J., P. (2010). Confronting fascism in Egypt: dictatorship versus democracy in the 1930s. London: Stanford University Press. Lunnon, H. Et Al. (2011). Arab Spring — Chief Consequence? The Definition. Web. Odugbemi, S., and Lee, T. (2011). Accountability through Public Opinion: From Inertia to Public Action. New York: World Bank Publications. Partridge, M. (2011). How t he economic policies of corrupt elite caused the Arab Spring. New statesman. Web. Press-Barnathan, G. (2009). The political economy of transitions to peace: a comparative perspective. New York: University of Pittsburgh Press. Sakbani, M. (2011). The revolutions of the Arab Spring: are democracy, development and modernity at the gates? Contemporary Arab Affairs. 4(2). Web. Shemesh, M. (2008). Arab politics, Palestinian nationalism and the Six Day War: the crystallization of Arab strategy and Nasir’s descent to war, 1957-1967. London: Sussex Academic Press. Tejel, J. (2009). Syria’s Kurds: history, politics and society. Volume 16 of Routledge advances in Middle East and Islamic studies. New York: Taylor Francis. This term paper on The Arab Spring: The contemporary Era was written and submitted by user Makhi J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.